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Ninth Circuit: Joint Employers Are Liable for Non-Workplace Matters Under Title VII for H-2A Workers

APPLIES TO

All Employers with AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA, Guam, or Northern Mariana Islands Employees with H-2A Visas

EFFECTIVE

February 6, 2019

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In EEOC v. Global Horizons, Inc., the Ninth Circuit stated that because employers of H-2A workers are required to provide housing, meals and transportation as “material terms and conditions” of their employment, these employers can be liable for such non-workplace matters under Title VII, even if the employers contract with a third party to provide those work benefits. There, two orchard growers hired Global Horizons as their staffing firm to recruit agricultural workers using H-2A visa authorizations. Two of the workers filed a discrimination claim against the growers and Global Horizons, claiming poor working conditions, substandard living conditions, and unsafe transportation based on their race and national origin.

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Eleventh Circuit: Joint Employer Standard Clarified Under the FLSA and Common Law

APPLIES TO

All Employers with AL, FL, and GA Employees

EFFECTIVE

August 2, 2018

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In Garcia-Celestino v. Ruiz Harvesting, Inc., the Eleventh Circuit distinguished the joint employer standard under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and common law. Each standard turns on the applicable definition of “employee” and “control,” but are not the same. There, migrant workers under the H-2A visa program filed suit against their employer and a citrus grove owner for minimum wage violations under the FLSA and for breach of their contract, which was based on federal immigration statutes and regulations. The court looked at whether or not the citrus grove owner was a joint employer.