In California Trucking Association v. Su, the Ninth Circuit stated that the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act (FAAAA) did not preempt California’s Labor Commissioner from using a state common law test to determine whether truck drivers are misclassified as independent contractors, because the test used is not related to prices, routes, or services. There, the California Trucking Association (CTA) filed suit against the Labor Commissioner claiming that owner-operator truck drivers are independent contractors, and asked the court for a declaration that federal law preempted the Commissioner from using the state’s standard.