Washington: Isolated Worker Harassment Law Amended

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All Employers with Employees in WA

EFFECTIVE

January 1, 2026

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  • Effective January 1, 2026, HB 1524 amends Washington’s law addressing sexual harassment and sexual assault committed against isolated workers.
  • The law applies to the following covered employers: hotel, motel, retail, security guard entity, or property services contractor.
  • Covered employers must now also provide a panic button to each isolated employee and inform isolated employees on how to use panic buttons, and inform managers and supervisors on their responsibility to respond to the use of panic buttons.

Discussion

Effective January 1, 2026, HB 1524 amends Washington’s law addressing sexual harassment and sexual assault committed against isolated workers. The law applies to the following covered employers: hotel, motel, retail, security guard entity, or property services contractor. The amendment defines an isolated employee as an employee who performs work in an area where two or more coworkers, supervisors, or a combination thereof are unable to immediately respond to an emergency without being summoned by the employee or spends at least 50% of their working hours without a supervisor or another coworker present. In addition, this definition applies to those employed as a janitor, security guard, hotel or motel housekeeper, or room service attendant.

 

Covered employers must now also provide a panic button to each isolated employee and inform isolated employees on how to use panic buttons, and inform managers and supervisors on their responsibility to respond to the use of panic buttons. There is a recordkeeping requirement of the purchase and utilization of panic buttons provided to isolated employees. Covered employers must also keep a record of the mandatory training required by the amendment.

 

The panic button must:

 

  • Be designed to be carried by the isolated employee;
  • Be simple to activate without delays caused by entering passwords or waiting for the system to turn on;
  • Provide an effective signal for the circumstances when activated; and
  • Be able to summon immediate assistance and allow responders to accurately identify the isolated employee’s location.

 

Washington’s Department of Labor & Industries is tasked with investigating violations of the requirements. Financial penalties for violations can be $1,000 for the first willful violation and up to $10,000 for subsequent violations.

 

Action Items

  1. Evaluate workforce to determine whether workers meet the definition of isolated worker.
  2. Distribute panic buttons, if applicable.
  3. Have appropriate personnel trained on the requirements.
  4. Document purchase and utilization of panic buttons and required trainings.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

Washington: Broad Interpretation of “Applicant” for Purposes of Pay Transparency Violations

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All Employers with Applicants in WA

EFFECTIVE

September 4, 2025

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  • On September 4, 2025, in Branson v. Washington Fine Wine & Spirits LLC, the Washington Supreme Court ruled any individual applying to a job posting that does not comply with the pay transparency requirements of Washington’s Equal Pay and Opportunities Act (EPOA) is entitled to seek damages under the law.
  • In reaching its ruling, the court relied on a dictionary definition of applicant as “one who applies for something.”

Discussion

On September 4, 2025, in Branson v. Washington Fine Wine & Spirits LLC, the Washington Supreme Court ruled any individual applying to a job posting that does not comply with the pay transparency requirements of Washington’s Equal Pay and Opportunities Act (EPOA) is entitled to seek damages under the law. This is regardless of whether the individual actually intended to seek employment with the employer. Here, the plaintiff applicants applied for retail positions with the defendant and the job postings did not contain the required pay scale information. One applicant interviewed for the position and discussed pay but did not accept the position offered. The plaintiffs subsequently filed a class action. The defendants argued that the statute only applied to “bona fide” applicants.

 

In reaching its ruling, the court relied on a dictionary definition of applicant as “one who applies for something.” The Court argued that if the legislature intended to limit who was an applicant, it would have done so. Originally, the law provided remedies to “individuals” before it was amended to applicants and employees. In addition, no further limiting words like “bona fide” were included. The court argued that if the legislature intended to limit who was entitled to remedies, it would need to amend the law to add the restriction.

 

Employers in Washington were already facing a surge of class action lawsuits alleging violations of the pay transparency requirements of the EPOA, and this ruling certainly does not limit who is eligible to file a claim. The dissent noted that this ruling gives “bounty seekers an incentive to trawl the internet for noncompliant job postings to obtain a statutory damages award unrelated to any personal harm.” Although the legislature did act over the summer to amend the EPOA to allow employers some added protections, like including a period of time to correct a deficient posting, it remains to be seen whether future amendments are on the table to restrict the definition of applicant.

 

Action Items

  1. Review and revise job postings for compliance with pay transparency requirements.
  2. Have appropriate personnel trained on the requirements.
  3. Consult with legal counsel on claims of pay transparency violations.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

October Alerts

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Varies

EFFECTIVE

Varies

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EEOC Increases Penalty for Violations of Notice-Posting Requirements

On September 30, 2025, the EEOC issued a final rule increasing the maximum civil penalty for failing to post required workplace notices about federal anti-discrimination laws to $698, up from $680. Covered entities, including private employers with 15 or more employees, state and local governments, and labor organizations, must display the “Know Your Rights” poster in a conspicuous location and are encouraged to post it digitally as well. Employers must ensure the poster is accessible to individuals with disabilities and reflects current legal protections under Title VII, ADA, GINA, and PWFA. The penalty adjustment is mandated annually under federal law and applies to violations assessed on or after the effective date.

 

EEOC Administratively Closes Disparate Impact Cases

The EEOC administratively closed essentially all pending charges based solely on unintentional discrimination claims (e.g., “disparate impact” cases) as of September 30, 2025, and will issue right-to-sue letters by October 31. This shift, driven by executive orders from President Trump, significantly limits the agency’s enforcement of policies that disproportionately affect certain protected groups. Employers should be aware that while disparate impact claims are being administratively closed by the EEOC, disparate impact liability remains a viable theory of discrimination under Title VII and claims for such will be allowed to proceed on their own in federal court. Moreover, many states impose laws establishing disparate impact liability under their state non-discrimination laws.

 

EEOC: Quorum Reached

The EEOC reached a quorum on October 7, 2025 when the U.S. Senate confirmed the nomination of Brittany Panuccio to be a commissioner. This resolves the quorum issue which resulted in January when the new administration fired two of the four sitting commissioners and left the EEOC with only two sitting members. Three members are needed for a quorum to make new policy, revisit old policies, vote upon guidance, or take any other significant action. Now that a quorum has been reached, employers are likely to see advancement of Chair Andrea Lucas’ agenda which she laid out in a statement after her appointment.

 

OSHA: Extension of Comment Period for Heat Rule

On September 17, 2025, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) extended the post-hearing comment period on the proposed rule for Heat Injury and Illness Prevention in Outdoor and Indoor Work Settings to October 30, 2025. Only individuals and organizations who participated in the informal public hearing by submitting a Notice of Intent to Appear are eligible to submit post-hearing comments. These comments and supporting data can be submitted electronically.

 

OSHA: New Leadership Approved

OSHA also received a new leader on October 7, 2025 when David Keeling was approved by the U.S. Senate as the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA. Keeling’s background includes worker safety at Amazon and UPS, including with heat safety standards. Employers should expect renewed scrutiny of the proposed heat safety standard that is now in the post-hearing comment period. Wayne Palmer was also appointed as the New Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health (MSHA). These is less change expected with this appointment since the mine safety standards and mandates are set by statute and can only be changed by the U.S. Congress. MSHA is responsible for investigating hazard complaints, whistleblower complaints, and accidents.

 

First Circuit: Upheld Nationwide Ban on Birthright Citizenship Executive Order

On October 3, 2025, in a pair of cases (New Hampshire Indonesian Community Support v. Donald Trump and New Jersey v. Donald Trump, et. al.), the First Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a block on President Trump’s Executive Order that sought to dismantle birthright citizenship protections. The court reaffirmed that birthright citizenship is a constitutional right under the 14th Amendment, rejecting the administration’s argument that citizenship should depend on parental status rather than birth on U.S. soil. This ruling is the latest in a series of court decisions rejecting President Trump’s executive order since it was signed in January. The current administration has indicated an interest to continue judicial review of these decisions, so employers should continue to monitor future developments.

 

Second Circuit: Dispute Over Arbitration Fees is Not a Refusal to Arbitrate

On September 2, 2025, in Frazier v. X Corp., the Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled a party’s refusal to pay arbitration fees did not constitute a refusal to arbitrate. Instead, the fee dispute itself needed to be arbitrated. Here, a class of former employees of Twitter (now X Corp.) filed arbitration demands for claims of discrimination, denial of severance benefits, and other claims. The arbitration demand was pursuant to Dispute Resolution Agreements (DRAs) the employees had to enter into as an essential part of the hiring process at Twitter, unless they submitted a valid form to opt out of arbitration. The DRAs identified Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services (JAMS) as the arbitration organization. While Twitter at first proceeded as required by the DRAs, they then began objecting that the DRAs required the arbitration fees to be shared equally between the parties. JAMS responded that Twitter was required to pay the costs in accordance with its rules, which were incorporated by reference in the DRAs. Twitter disputed this arguing that any fee disputes were to be resolved by the arbitrator and not JAMS. The court agreed and stated that disputes over payment of arbitration fees are a procedural matter to be determined by the arbitrator and not the courts. Courts are only empowered to address a narrow category of disputes of whether arbitration must occur between particular parties over particular issues.

 

Ninth Circuit: Denying Vaccine Accommodation to Firefighter Not Title VII Violation

On September 2, 2025, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the Snohomish Regional Fire and Rescue (SRFR) did not violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act for denying a religious accommodation to firefighters from its COVID-19 vaccine mandate. The SRFR was able to prove that granting a religious accommodation would cause an undue hardship. Almost 25% of the workforce requested an exemption which would cause a significant cost to SRFR. This cost would be compounded if there were additional absences due to COVID-19 being spread by unvaccinated firefighters. In addition, the firefighters’ job involved interfacing with the public and vulnerable patients so testing, masking, and social distancing was inadequate. SRFR was able to prove additional undue hardships through detailed medical evidence provided by an infectious disease expert. Employers should remember that the undue hardship defense for denying a religious accommodation is a difficult process and very fact-specific. Denials of accommodations should always be evaluated by legal counsel for this reason.

 

Eleventh Circuit: Denial of Gender-Affirming Surgery is Not Sex Discrimination

On September 9, 2025, in Anna Lange v. Houston County, Georgia, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a county health insurance plan’s exclusion of gender-affirming surgery did not violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. This decision reversed a prior panel ruling and diverged from other federal court interpretations that viewed such exclusions as discriminatory. The court reasoned that the exclusion was applied uniformly and did not target individuals based on sex or gender identity, relying in part on the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Skrmetti, which upheld similar uniform bans. In light of this ruling, employers are encouraged to carefully review their health benefits policies, especially if operating in multiple states, and consult legal counsel to ensure compliance with evolving federal and state interpretations of anti-discrimination laws.

 

California: Prohibition on Captive Audience Meetings Temporarily Blocked

Effective September 30, 2025, SB 399, prohibiting captive audience meetings, has been temporarily blocked from enforcement by a preliminary injunction. The law went into effect on January 1, 2025 and prohibited private and public employers from taking adverse action against an employee for failure to attend employer-sponsored meetings or communications where the purpose is to communicate the employer’s opinion about religious or political matters or unionization. The preliminary injunction was granted pursuant to legal challenges to the law that it is preempted by the National Labor Relations Act and is an unconstitutional effort to regulate employer speech. It is likely the State of California will appeal the ruling.

 

Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles Hotel Worker Minimum Wage Ordinance and Hotel Worker Training Ordinance in Effect

Effective September 8, 2025, the minimum wage increase for hotel and airport workers in the City of Los Angeles is in effect. Since Santa Monica follows Los Angeles’ minimum wage rate for hotel workers, their hotel worker minimum wage is also increased. Ordinance No. 188610 contains two requirements which are now reinstated: the Los Angeles Hotel Worker Minimum Wage Ordinance (HWMO) and the Hotel Worker Training Ordinance (HWTO). Pursuant to the HWMO, the increase now brings the minimum wage rate to $22.50. The increase is the result of a failed referendum to prevent the minimum wage increase. The Los Angeles City Clerk has now certified that the referendum did not meet the requirements, so the minimum wage increase can proceed. In addition, hotel or airport employers who do not provide health benefits must provide an additional wage rate per hour equal to the health benefit payment specified in the HWMO. Lastly, pursuant to the HWTO, hotel workers must be trained on health and safety, including identifying instances of human trafficking and sexual and domestic violence, in addition to protecting their own safety. The training requirements are effective December 1, 2025.

 

San Diego, CA: Minimum Wage Increase for Hospitality Workers

The Hospitality Minimum Wage Ordinance increases minimum wage for workers at hotels, event centers, and amusement parks. For employees in hotels and amusement parks, minimum wage will rise to $19/hr. on July 1, 2026, increasing annually to $25/hr. in 2030, with annual cost of living increases thereafter. For employees at event centers, minimum wage will rise to $21.06/hr. on July 1, 2026, increasing annually to $25/hr. in 2030, with annual cost of living increases thereafter. There are additional notice and posting requirements. Hospitality employers must also create and retain contemporaneous written or electronic records documenting each employee’s dates and hours worked and wages paid.

 

Colorado: Supreme Court Clarifies Statute of Limitations for Wage Claims

On September 15, 2025, in By the Rockies v. Perez, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that wage claims under the Colorado Minimum Wage Act (MWA) are subject to a two- or three-year statute of limitations. Here, the plaintiff claimed the defendant employer failed to provide them with required meal and rest breaks under the MWA. The plaintiff filed the claim five years after separating from the employer. In addition, the MWA did not have its own statute of limitations period for claims. The plaintiff argued that a six-year limitations period should apply in accordance with a statute that addresses claims for a “liquidated debt or an unliquidated, determinable amount of money.” Although the Colorado Court of Appeals agreed with the plaintiff, the Supreme Court disagreed. The Court reasoned that the MWA and Wage Claim Act are part of a statutory scheme intended to recover unpaid wages. Therefore, the Wage Claim Act’s limitations period should apply – two years for non-willful violations and three years for willful violations. This limitations period also matches the three-year recordkeeping requirement for wage records.

 

District of Columbia: Amendment to Universal Paid Leave and Short-Term Disability

Effective May 1, 2025, D.C. Act 26-68 amends the Universal Paid Leave law (UPL) and its interaction with short-term disability insurance. The amendment prohibits a private disability insurance provider from offsetting or reducing short-term disability benefits based on actual or estimated paid leave benefits the eligible individual may be entitled to under UPL. The prohibition applies regardless of what jurisdiction the insurance policy was issued or written.

 

Florida: Changes to the State’s Open Carry Law

In McDaniels v. State, an appellate court in Florida ruled that the state’s existing Open Carry ban was unconstitutional, making it lawful for eligible adults to openly carry firearms in most public places as of September 25, 2025. Employers retain the right to prohibit firearms on private property, including in workplaces and company vehicles, but must post clear signage and implement policies to enforce this. That said, Florida’s “Bring Your Guns to Work” law limits employer control over firearms in locked private vehicles in parking lots, prohibiting inquiries, searches, or employment actions based on lawful firearm possession. Employers should train staff on handling armed visitors, if applicable, and ensure compliance with sensitive location restrictions, which remain unchanged.

 

Massachusetts: 2026 Paid Family and Medical Leave Updates

The Massachusetts Department of Family and Medical Leave has released its 2026 updates to the Paid Family and Medical Leave (PFML) program. Effective January 1, 2026, the maximum weekly benefit increases to $1,230.39 per week from $1,170.64. The contribution rate on eligible employee wages will remain the same at 0.88%. This rate has not been changed for three years. Employers should prepare to update their employee notices and top-off policies. Employers with private plans should review their benefits for compliance with the changes for 2026.

 

Minnesota: New Sample PFML Notices and Posters

The Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development has published sample notices and workplace postings for employer use on the state’s website for Paid Leave Minnesota. To comply with Minnesota’s Paid Leave program launching January 1, 2026, employers must display a workplace poster by December 1, 2025, and provide each employee with a written notice about their leave rights within 30 days of hire or before premium collection begins. Notices must be in the employee’s primary language and acknowledged in writing or electronically, with employers required to offer access to a computer for review and printing if notices are delivered digitally. Employers using approved equivalent plans must also distribute a separate notice and poster specific to that plan. All notices must include premium contribution details and be retained as proof of compliance.

 

New York, NY: Software Specifications for Fair Workweek Compliance

In September, the New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection released voluntary guidance for software developers that create products for fast food employers that support compliance with the Fair Workweek Law (FWL). The FWL requires fast food employers in New York City to give their workers regular schedules, advance notice of schedules, premium pay for schedule changes, and other protections. The new software guidance is aimed as software that addresses the following issues for covered employers: (1) systems integration across scheduling, timekeeping, payroll, and HR management functions; (2) business rules that facilitate compliant scheduling practices; (3) authentication protocols to ensure data integrity; (4) reporting capabilities to support recordkeeping requirements; and (5) automated compliance monitoring tools. The guidance also emphasizes the types of tracking systems that any software should have in order to comply with the FWL.

 

Philadelphia, PA: Amendments to Fair Chance Ordinance

Effective January 6, 2026, amendments to Philadelphia’s Fair Criminal Record Screening Standards Ordinance clarifies certain aspects of the law and expands employer obligations. There are new, specific definitions for the terms felony, misdemeanor, summary offense, and incarceration. An adverse action has been broadened to means any action that negatively affects an applicant or employee’s “compensation, terms, or condition of current or future work or is intended to harass an Applicant or Employee in connection with work, including excessive and unreasonable levels of supervision, refusal to hire or promote, blacklisting, interferences with current employment or employment prospects, contacting law enforcement or a government agency to file a report, including reporting suspected or actual immigration status.” Employers cannot consider misdemeanor convictions over four years old, excluding incarceration. Employers must also perform an assessment based on specific factors before excluding an applicant or employee from consideration for a position. Retaliation protections have also been added. The changes are extensive so employers should review the amendments in their entirety.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

Employee Tax Deduction Updates on the Big Beautiful Bill

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All Employers

EFFECTIVE

July 4, 2025

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  • There are no changes to Form W-2 for tax year 2025.
  • The Treasury Department released a draft list of tipped jobs that would qualify for the individual tax deduction for received tips.

Discussion

The “Big Beautiful Bill” was signed by the President on July 4th. There were significant changes to individual tax deductions for employee tips and overtime pay. The federal government has until October 2nd to publish updated forms and guidance on how the tax deductions will operate. While employers are waiting on broader guidance, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has released some information regarding the W-2 form and deduction for tips.

 

No Form W-2 Changes

 

The IRS announced in August that there will be no changes to certain forms or withholding tables for tax year 2025 related to the new law.

 

  • Form W-2, existing Forms 1099, and Form 941 and other payroll return forms will remain unchanged for TY 2025.
  • Federal income tax withholding tables will not be updated for these provisions for tax year 2025.
  • Employers and payroll providers should continue using current procedures for reporting and withholding.

 

These decisions from the IRS are intended to avoid disruptions during the tax filing season and to give the IRS, business, and tax professionals enough time to implement the changes effectively. The IRS is working on new guidance and updated forms for tax year 2026. These will include changes to how tips and overtime pay are reported.

 

Tipped Jobs Eligible for Tax Deduction

 

To recap the recent development, starting with the 2025 tax year, tipped employees are eligible for a tax deduction on tips received up to $25,000 annually. The deduction is subject to incremental reduction if the employee’s income exceeds $150,000 for individual filers/$300,000 for joint filers. Tips received must be reported on employee W-2s in order to take advantage of the tax deduction. If the employee is married, they must file a joint return to take advantage of the tax deduction.

 

The Treasury Department recently released a draft list of the qualifying tipped occupations for purposes of receiving a tax deduction on individual tax returns.

 

Category Tipped Jobs
Beverage & Food Service Bartenders; wait staff; nonrestaurant food servers; dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers; chefs and cooks; food preparation workers; fast food and counter workers; dishwashers; host staff at restaurants, lounges, and coffee shops; bakers
Entertainment & Events Gambling dealers; gambling change persons and booth cashiers; gambling cage workers; gambling sports book writers and runners; dancers; musicians and singers; disc jockeys (excluding radio); entertainers and performers; digital content creators; ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers; locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants
Hospitality & Guest Services Baggage porters and bellhops; concierges; hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks; maids and housekeeping cleaners
Home Services Home maintenance and repair workers; home landscaping and groundskeeping workers; home electricians; home plumbers; home heating and air conditioning mechanics and installers; home appliance installers and repairers; home cleaning service workers; locksmiths; roadside assistance workers
Personal Services Personal care and service workers; private event planners; private event and portrait photographers; private event videographers; event officiants; pet caretakers; tutors; nannies and babysitters
Personal Appearance & Wellness Skincare specialists; message therapists; barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists; shampooers; manicurists and pedicurists; eyebrow threading and waxing technicians; makeup artists; exercise trainers and group fitness instructors; tattoo artists and piercers; tailors; show and leather workers and repairers
Recreation & Instruction Golf caddies; self-enrichment teachers; recreational and tour pilots; tour guides and escorts; travel guides; sports and recreation instructors
Transportation & Delivery Parking and valet attendants; taxi and rideshare drivers and chauffeurs; shuttle drivers; goods delivery people; personal vehicle and equipment cleaners; private and charter bus drivers; water taxi operators and charter boat workers; rickshaw, pedicab, and carriage drivers; home movers

 

Note that this list does not apply to qualifying tipped jobs for tip credit purposes, which is governed by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Expect the qualifying tip deduction list to be published in the Federal Register as proposed regulations along with other information by the October 2nd deadline.

 

Action Items

  1. Review the proposed list of tipped jobs for purposes of tracking tips.
  2. Track tips in accordance with the Big Beautiful Bill for purposes of tax reporting on Form W-2 for 2025.
  3. Update payroll processes to account for the upcoming changes.
  4. Have appropriate personnel trained on the new requirements.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

NLRB Updates

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All Employers

EFFECTIVE

As Indicated

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  • Board nominees are pending approval from the Senate, and if confirmed, would establish a quorum to take action.
  • The Fifth Circuit ruled that preliminary injunctions should remain in place preventing cases from proceeding against three employers because the NLRB Board and ALJ members should be able to be fired at-will by the President.
  • The Fifth Circuit said that employers may remove union literature from a breakroom where the employer maintains neutral policies for cleanliness and non-solicitation that are consistently applied regardless of subject.
  • An NLRB Memo said that surreptitious recording of collective bargaining meetings is a per se violation of the NLRA for negotiating in bad faith.
  • An NLRB Memo provided guidance on determining when salt discrimination claims are authentic.
  • An NLRB Memo stated its intention to defer unfair labor practice cases when the parties have a mutually agreed dispute resolution process in place.

Discussion

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) continues to undergo ongoing changes. Here is a brief summary of recent NLRB developments.

 

NLRB Uncertainty

 

Board Status                            

 

The NRLB continues to be in a period of flux in that it does not have a quorum on the Board in order to fully function. There are two pending nominations, Scott Mayer and James Murphy, that are before the Senate for confirmation. Their confirmation would restore a quorum, allowing the NLRB to begin issuing decisions.

 

NRLB Challenged

 

The NLRB’s adjudicative structure is currently under fire, potentially signaling future challenges to its authority. On August 19, 2025, in Space Exploration Technologies Corporation v. NLRB (“SpaceX”), the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld preliminary injunctions prohibiting the NLRB cases from proceeding against them. The court said the parties’ claims that the NLRB’s structure is unconstitutional would likely succeed on the merits, and the unconstitutionality was enough to maintain the preliminary injunctions preventing the employers from being subject to prosecution.

 

SpaceX and two other employers challenge the structure of the NLRB based on the limitations for removing Board members and administrative law judges (ALJ). Board Members may be removed by the President only “for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office.” ALJs may be removed only “for good cause,” as determined by the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)—itself an independent, quasi-judicial agency whose members themselves enjoy for-cause removal protection by the President. The employers claim that this structure means that the Board and ALJs are unconstitutionally shielded from presidential removal, whose authority should be exercised at-will.

 

While this ruling only applies to the three employers in the case, it provides a roadmap for other employers to similarly challenge the NLRB, and also sets up a likely appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.

 

Removing Literature from the Workplace

 

On July 7, 2025, in Apple, Inc. v. NLRB, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals said that, where an employer consistently enforced its policies requiring workplace cleanliness and prohibiting any solicitation whatsoever, the employer did not violate the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) in removing union flyers left on a table in a break room. The employer did not otherwise interfere with unionization activity, handing out flyers outside of the store, or wearing pro-union paraphernalia.

 

Recording Collective Bargaining Sessions

 

On June 25, 2025, the NLRB General Counsel issued Memorandum 25-07 – Surreptitious Recordings of Collective-Bargaining Sessions as a Per Se Violation of the NLRA – which declares that a party who secretly records collective bargaining sessions commits a per se violation of the NLRA for failure to bargain in good faith. The Memo emphasizes, “[t]he use of surreptitious recordings during the collective-bargaining process is inconsistent with the openness and mutual trust necessary for the process to function as contemplated by the Act.” Employers should take care not to record collective bargaining sessions without the consent of all parties and should consider reporting when they are being recorded without their consent.

 

Salt Prosecution Guidance

 

On July 24, 2025, the NLRB General Counsel issued Memorandum 25-08, providing guidance on how to prosecute claims of not being hired because of known or suspected union activity, which is prohibited by the NLRA. “Salting” is “the act of a trade union in sending a union member or members to an unorganized jobsite to obtain employment and then organize the employees.” However, job applicants must be genuine, meaning they cannot apply just so as to provoke a negative response from the employer so they can file a claim. The Memo provides guidance on determining whether an applicant is “genuine” for purposes of deciding whether to prosecute a failure to hire discrimination claim. Employers should document any suspicious application activity and disruptive conduct in the interview process if they suspect that the person is just trying to elicit a job denial.

 

Deferring Unfair Labor Practice Cases

 

On August 7, 2025, the NLRB General Counsel issued Memorandum 25-09, which recommends deferral of investigations for unfair labor practice charges to the parties’ collectively bargained grievance and arbitration process, if they have one. Citing limited resources, the NLRB intends to focus on cases where the parties do not have a mutually agreed dispute resolution process in place.  Further, Regions will no longer contact parties on a quarterly basis to inquire about the status of deferred cases; instead, Charging Parties are obligated to provide a deferral status report to the Region on a biannual basis – March 15 and September 15. Notwithstanding, the NLRB will retain jurisdiction over deferred cases and will review the ultimate disposition if requested by the parties.

 

Action Items

  1. Have legal counsel review current cases for potential impact from recent updates.
  2. Review nonsolicitation policies for neutrality and compliance and ensure consistent enforcement.
  3. Have appropriate personnel trained on bargaining recording requirements.
  4. Document applicant behavior that appears to be disingenuous.
  5. Review collective bargaining agreements for dispute resolution processes and evaluate with legal counsel.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

Immigration Updates

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As Indicated

EFFECTIVE

As Indicated

QUESTIONS?

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Quick Look

  • DHS has revoked certain EADs and shifted the responsibility to employers to identify affected employees using E-Verify’s new Status Change Report.
  • USCIS is using the September Visa Bulletin’s Final Action Dates to determine eligibility for Adjustment of Status filings.
  • The State Department has launched “continuous vetting” of all 55 million visa holders, meaning even long-standing employees with valid visas may face sudden scrutiny, revocation, or deportation.
  • The Supreme Court has allowed ICE to resume broad enforcement operations in Los Angeles, including controversial “roving raids.”

Discussion

New E-Verify Guidance for Revoked EADs

 

Effective immediately, employers using E-Verify must proactively monitor employee work authorization status through a newly introduced Status Change Report, replacing the previous Case Alerts system. This change stems from the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) decision to revoke certain Employment Authorization Documents (EADs), particularly those issued under humanitarian parole programs.

 

This update shifts the burden of monitoring revoked EADs from DHS to employers. Failure to act on the Status Change Report and reverify affected employees could result in noncompliance with federal employment eligibility laws. Therefore, employers should regularly generate the Status Change Report by navigating to the “Reports” tab within their E-Verify account. Once the report is generated, employers must carefully compare the EAD card numbers listed in the report with those originally presented by employees during the Form I-9 process. If an employee’s EAD number matches one listed as revoked, the employer is required to reverify that employee’s work authorization using Form I-9, Supplement B. It is important to note that this reverification process should not involve creating a new E-Verify case.

 

Employees whose EADs have been revoked may still be authorized to work under a different immigration status. In such cases, they can present alternative, unexpired documentation from List A or List C of the Lists of Acceptable Documents. Employers must not reverify identity documents from List B, nor should they reverify the employee’s identity itself. During this process, employees must be allowed to choose which acceptable documentation to present, and employers must not accept a revoked EAD, even if it appears valid and unexpired.

 

The following table outlines the date ranges during which DHS revoked EADs and the corresponding dates when that information became available in the E-Verify Status Change Report. Employers should use this timeline to determine whether any of their employees may be affected and ensure timely reverification where required.

 

Date Employee’s EAD Was Revoked* Date Information Available in E-Verify Status Change Report
April 9 to Sept. 2, 2025 Sept. 9, 2025
April 9 to Aug. 19, 2025 Aug. 26, 2025
April 9 to Aug. 5, 2025 Aug. 12, 2025
April 9 to July 24, 2025 July 29, 2025
April 9 to July 8, 2025 July 15, 2025
April 9 to June 13, 2025 June 20, 2025

 

*Updates from the E-Verify report include EAD revocations from the specified date range.

 

September Visa Bulletin

 

Each month, federal immigration authorities publish a list of dates informing immigrant visa applicants when they should expect to be notified to assemble and submit required documentation to government officials. The following provides a summary of the September release.

 

The Visa Bulletin includes a list of dates informing overseas immigrant visa applicants when they should expect to be notified to assemble and submit required documentation to move forward with the consular stamping process. These dates are also used to determine eligibility for Adjustment of Status to Lawful Permanent Residence with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for applicants who are already physically present in the U.S. USCIS confirmed it will use the Final Action Dates chart, published in the September Visa Bulletin, to determine eligibility for filing Adjustment of Status applications this month. To determine potential eligibility, dates that appear in this chart must be compared with an employee’s immigration priority date, as shown on their earliest available I-797 Notice of Action (Receipt or Approval Notice) issued by USCIS for any EB-1, EB-2, or EB-3 (I-140) Immigrant Petition filed on their behalf by a sponsoring employer.

 

Preference All Chargeability Areas Except Those Listed China – Mainland Born India Mexico Philippines
EB-1 Current 15-NOV-22 15-FEB-22 Current Current
EB-2 01-SEP-23 15-DEC-20 01-JAN-13 01-SEP-23 01-SEP-23
EB-3 01-APR-23 01-DEC-20 22-MAY-13 01-APR-23 08-FEB-23

 

Because USCIS is using the “Final Action” chart in accepting new applications for Adjustment of Status to Lawful Permanent Residence, an application in September may be filed by a candidate with an immigration priority date that is earlier than the listed cutoff date according to the Final Action Chart for their preference category and country of chargeability, or whose category is otherwise listed as current. For Adjustment of Status cases that are already pending and were filed in a category that has since fallen behind in its cutoff date, USCIS will not begin processing until the Final Action Date has surpassed the individual immigration priority date or is otherwise deemed current.

 

Employers who have employees with priority dates that will be (or remain) current in September should reach out to their immigration legal counsel to prepare and submit the employee’s Adjustment of Status Application in September.

 

Department of State Launches “Continuous Monitoring”

 

The U.S. Department of State has launched a “continuous vetting” initiative that subjects all 55 million visa holders to ongoing eligibility reviews, marking a major shift from periodic checks to real-time monitoring. The vetting process draws on law enforcement databases, immigration records, and social media activity to flag potential violations such as overstays, unauthorized work, criminal activity or other security risks. For employers, this means that even long-standing employees with valid visas may face sudden scrutiny, revocation, or deportation without prior notice. Employers should prepare for increased Requests for Evidence (RFEs), delays in visa adjudications, and unexpected workforce disruptions due to flagged travel or status issues.

 

ICE Permitted to Continue Enforcement in Los Angeles

 

In Kristi Noem, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security v. Pedro Vasquez, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on September 8, 2025, to allow federal immigration agents to resume broad enforcement operations in Los Angeles, including stops based on race, language, job type, or location (aka “roving” ICE raids). These roving raids had previously been halted by a federal district judge, who found the tactics to likely be unconstitutional because agents were detaining people without probable cause at car washes, bus stops and Home Depot parking lots based on stereotypes. The Supreme Court did not provide an explanation of its decision to grant the Trump administration’s emergency appeal to block the district judge’s order. For employers, especially those in industries with high immigrant labor, this could lead to increased workplace disruptions, legal exposure, and reputational risks if employees are detained or targeted during work hours. The decision may also discourage immigrant workers from showing up at job sites in locations where these raids are occurring. Although this ruling specifically addressed tactics in Los Angeles, it may foreshadow likely approval of similar tactics in other areas of the U.S.

 

Action Items

  1. Establish process for generating Status Change Reports in E-Verify.
  2. Evaluate visa-dependent workforce exposure and consult legal counsel to prepare for potential disruptions.
  3. Review applicable employee priority dates and coordinate with immigration counsel to file eligible Adjustment of Status applications before the end of September.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

Uncertainty Continues for TPS Status for Venezuela

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As Indicated

EFFECTIVE

As Indicated

QUESTIONS?

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Quick Look

  • USCIS has announced the termination of Venezuela’s 2021 TPS designation, effective November 7, 2025, following its expiration on September 10, 2025.
  • Ongoing litigation has created legal uncertainty, as the Ninth Circuit ruled that DHS may have exceeded its authority in attempting to vacate prior TPS extensions.

Discussion

USCIS Announces Termination of 2021 Designation of Venezuela for TPS

 

On September 8, 2025, USCIS announced that the Secretary of Homeland Security is terminating the 2021 designation of Venezuela for Temporary Protected Status (TPS). After reviewing country conditions and consulting with appropriate U.S. Government agencies, the Secretary determined that Venezuela no longer continues to meet the conditions for the 2021 designation for TPS. The 2021 designation of Venezuela is set to expire on September 10, 2025, and the termination is effective November 7, 2025. After November 7, 2025, nationals of Venezuela (and aliens having no nationality who last habitually resided in Venezuela) who have been granted Temporary Protected Status under Venezuela’s 2021 designation will no longer have Temporary Protected Status.

 

That said, this administrative action exists alongside ongoing litigation that has created significant uncertainty regarding TPS status for Venezuela.

 

Ninth Circuit Ruling: Legal Challenge to DHS Termination Actions

 

On August 29, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld a district court’s preliminary injunction that postponed the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) February 2025 Notices vacating the 2023 TPS redesignation and terminating the consolidated extension granted in January 2025.

 

In reaching its decision, the court emphasized that the TPS statute provides a specific framework for designation, extension, and termination, but not for vacatur. The court held that DHS’s attempt to undo the 2023 extension via informal notice exceeded its statutory authority.

 

Impact and Limitations of the Ruling

 

Despite the Ninth Circuit’s decision, the district court’s injunction remains stayed due to a Supreme Court order issued on May 31, 2025. This stay means that the 2023 TPS redesignation remains officially terminated for now, and the Ninth Circuit’s ruling has no immediate practical effect unless the Supreme Court lifts the stay or declines to review the case.

 

Meanwhile, there was no discussion as to whether the September 10, 2025, date was stayed or vacated, or whether the extension through October 2, 2026, would be restored. Given the complexity and time-sensitive nature of these developments, employers are strongly encouraged to coordinate closely with immigration legal counsel in evaluating employee work authorizations.

 

Action Items

  1. Review employee I-9 documentation and EADs.
  2. Consult with legal counsel regarding impact of TPS termination and pending litigation.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

EEOC Efforts to Protect Religious Freedom at Work

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August 22, 2025

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  • The EEOC provided a press release highlighting the enforcement actions it has taken in the 200 days of the Trump Administration to “defend the religious liberty of American workers” in line with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibiting religious discrimination in the workplace.

Discussion

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) provided a press release highlighting the enforcement actions it has taken in the 200 days of the Trump Administration to “defend the religious liberty of American workers” in line with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibiting religious discrimination in the workplace. Although the press release is not enforcement guidance, it does provide insight into how the EEOC will be approaching claims of religious discrimination. The more significant aspects of the press release are summarized below.

 

Vaccine Mandates. Citing the more than 10,000 religious accommodation charges received by the EEOC regarding COVID-19 mandates, the EEOC states it has recovered over $55 million for workers impacted by the mandates. The EEOC also states that enforcing Title VII in regard to COVID-19 vaccine mandates under the Biden Administration occurred too slowly. Under the Trump Administration, the EEOC intends to take more aggressive steps to enforce Title VII as applied to COVID-19 vaccine mandates. Examples of aggressive enforcement actions include, but are not limited to, a $1 million settlement and employee reinstatement rights against Mercyhealth for failing to grant employees’ religious accommodations to be exempt from the vaccine mandate; filing a lawsuit against the Mayo Clinic for refusing a security guard’s request for a religious accommodation to its COVID-19 vaccination policy; and settling a claim for failing to provide religious accommodations to the vaccine mandate with two resorts in Las Vegas.

 

Other Religious Accommodations. The EEOC also filed lawsuits and reached settlement agreements against employers for failing to provide religious accommodations in other aspects for both employees and applicants. The Venetian Resort in Las Vegas was found to have failed to provide religious accommodations to employees of a variety of faiths and retaliated against those employees when they opposed the failure to accommodate. As a result, the Venetian was fined $850,000 and is required per consent decree to: (1) train all employees, managers, and supervisors on employee rights and obligations regarding religious accommodations; (2) retain a third-party, independent monitor to assist with review and revision of its religious accommodations policies and complaint procedures; and (3) have their compliance tracked for 36 months. Other settlements also included similar provisions in the consent decrees.

 

Combating Antisemitism in Universities and on College Campuses. Columbia University will pay $21 million to settle charges of harassment based on national origin, religion, and/or race. The EEOC cites allegations of antisemitism in particular. The $21 million will be used to create a class claims fund to compensate employees who may have experienced antisemitism on Columbia’s campus. This is in addition to a multi-agency agreement to pay a $200 million fine. Columbia additionally must submit to compliance monitoring and other injunctive relief.

 

Federal Employee Religious Rights. The EEOC also highlighted actions taken against federal agencies for failing to reasonably accommodate federal employees’ religious beliefs and practices, absent an undue hardship. In Augustine V. v. Department of Veterans Affairs and Andy B. v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the agencies were found liable for failing to accommodate a Muslim physician’s request to attend weekly prayer service and for failing to accommodate a Christian police officer’s request for exemption from the COVID-19 vaccine mandate, respectively.

 

Employers should review their policies and procedures for providing religious accommodations to both employees and applicants. The EEOC’s recent enforcement actions show that violations can result in both costly penalties and ongoing compliance monitoring which can last years.

 

Action Items

  1. Read the press release here.
  2. Review procedures for providing religious accommodations.
  3. Have appropriate personnel trained on the requirements.
  4. Consult with legal counsel prior to denying requests for religious accommodations due to undue hardship.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

Department of Labor Expands Self-Audit Program

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July 24, 2025

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  • The U.S. Department of Labor has expanded self-audit programs across several agencies, allowing employers to proactively identify and correct labor law violations without triggering formal investigations.

Discussion

The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) has significantly expanded its self-audit programs across six federal agencies, aiming to foster a more collaborative approach to labor law compliance. These initiatives allow employers, unions, and pension plans to proactively assess and correct potential violations without facing formal investigations or litigation. As described, the programs are designed to build a culture of trust and transparency, offering resources and guidance to help regulated entities navigate complex legal requirements.

 

For employers, this shift presents both opportunities and responsibilities. Agencies like OSHA are expanding their Voluntary Protection Programs, enabling businesses to conduct regular safety self-evaluations and avoid routine inspections. The Wage and Hour Division has revived the Payroll Audit Independent Determination (PAID) program, which lets employers self-report and resolve wage, overtime, and leave violations under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). However, participation is limited to employers with clean compliance histories and no ongoing investigations.

 

Additionally, the Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA) offers programs that allow plan administrators to correct violations of ERISA while reducing penalties, and the Veterans Employment and Training Service (VETS) has launched the SALUTE program to help employers ensure compliance with USERRA, protecting the employment rights of service members.

 

Despite the benefits, employers must remain cautious. Participation in these programs requires transparency and timely corrective action, such as paying back wages within 15 days under the PAID program. Additionally, self-audits do not override state or local laws, meaning disclosures to federal agencies could still expose businesses to legal risks in jurisdictions with longer statutes of limitations. Employers are encouraged to work closely with their legal counsel to evaluate any implications before engaging in the reporting programs.

 

Action Items

  1. Review the DOL’s self-audit tools, guidance documents, and program details.
  2. Review internal audit protocols.
  3. Consult with legal counsel before engaging in proactive reporting.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase

Second Circuit: Evidence of Sincerely Held Beliefs Clarified for Religious Accommodations

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Employers with 15+ Employees in CT, NY, and VT

EFFECTIVE

August 11, 2025

QUESTIONS?

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Quick Look

  • Discreditable evidence of a sincerely held religious belief does not mean that it is undisputed that the employee did not have a sincerely held religious belief.
  • An employee must essentially provide no evidence that they have ever acted consistently with their professed religious beliefs, other than their refusal to get the COVID-19 vaccine, in order for a court to rule that there were no sincerely held religious beliefs.

Discussion

In Gardner-Alfred v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a summary judgment ruling saying that there were issues of fact to determine whether the employees had sincerely held religious beliefs that would have exempted them from following the employer’s COVID-19 vaccine mandate.

 

Here, two Federal Reserve employees were terminated for failing to conform to the employer’s policy of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. The employer granted the employees temporary exemptions for religious accommodation, but the exemptions expired without being allowed to renew. In the course of the litigation, the employees provided discreditable testimony around whether their beliefs were sincerely held; however, there were different outcomes for each.

 

For one, an employee claimed to be opposed to the vaccine because she thought it was made using aborted fetal cell lines, when it was undisputed that the vaccine was not. However, the court said what actually matters at summary judgment is that a reasonable jury could find that the COVID-19 vaccines were produced with aborted fetal cells in a manner that the employee believed would contravene her religious beliefs. Moreover, her objections could be found by a jury to be adequately explained, and the judge improperly made conclusions that were not undisputable. The applicable standard focused on whether the employee sincerely believed that the use of COVID-19 vaccines was contrary to her religious convictions. The court said that while her testimony may be discreditable, it did not rise to the level of being undisputed for purposes of granting a summary judgment motion.

 

For another, the court reiterated that the evidence the employee acted inconsistently with her professed religious beliefs is not a sufficient basis upon which to resolve her religious sincerity as a matter of law. The difference in this instance is that unlike the first employee, the evidence of the second employee’s religious beliefs is “so wholly contradictory, incomplete, and incredible that no reasonable jury could accept her professed beliefs as sincerely held.” For example, the employee could give almost no details about her purported membership in her ascribed religion, and what details she did give were often contradicted directly by other portions of her own sworn testimony. Ultimately, the employee provided no evidence that she has ever acted consistently with her professed religious beliefs other than her refusal to get the COVID-19 vaccine.

 

Action Items

  1. Employers should review denials of religious accommodations with legal counsel before taking adverse action.

 


Disclaimer: This document is designed to provide general information and guidance concerning employment-related issues. It is presented with the understanding that ManagEase is not engaged in rendering any legal opinions. If a legal opinion is needed, please contact the services of your own legal adviser. © 2025 ManagEase